Public International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Open International law - Essay Example This means where there are gross infringement of human rights without interior structures to relieve the enduring of casualties, elective powers have the privilege and obligation to intercede and address the circumstance. It must be comprehended that legislatures that tend towards net infringement of human rights are fundamentally authoritarian in nature (Engelhart, 2009). This part of their being implies that they should methodicallly crush frameworks that are fundamentally contradicted to their goals of savagery and ways of thinking of abuse and concealment. In time in this manner there is left no important powers inside the oppressive framework to protect the privileges of the residents. The nonappearance of a remedial component implies that the infringement will go on as long as the oppressor keeps going (Engelhart, 2009). This circumstance along these lines warrants the intercession of remote forces to ensure, reestablish, and support human rights. In addition in circumstances w here a portion of the oppressive governments won't be involved with global conventions that quandary them towards the assurance of human rights just outside powers can move in to mitigate the enduring of the residents. ... The connection among governments and the global conventions on human rights can at present be found in the second element of part nations that despite everything spurn the codes for the conservation of similar rights they attempted to secure. There have been situations where nations which are involved with the United Nations conventions turn round and begin abusing their regular people with little respect to the embodiment of rights, opportunities, and the sacredness of human rights. There are contextual investigations all around the world despite the fact that pieces of Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and The Middle East have highlighted most conspicuously in this negligence of human rights. Mass homicide, discretionary repression, outline execution, and detainment without preliminary are a portion of the models that include among the nations that renege on their lawful commitments to defend their citizens’ rights and opportunities. This persistent maltreatment and oppression o f the privileges of people must be met with immediate and dynamic measure from whatever hotspot for the sole motivation behind reestablishing the simply request as romanticized in the standards of good administration and as revered in legitimate frameworks, both remote and nearby. Another contention for this measure ought to be that laws are intended to be kept and that there must be results appended to rebelliousness. One contextual analysis of such mediation is illustrative in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) powers intercession of the Kosovo emergency to facilitate the greatness of human torment and the stomping on of individual rights and opportunities under the authority of the then president Slobodan Milosevic. In spite of the fact that the size of human enduring was extraordinary it very well may be contended that the intercession of the remote powers

Windows Server and Clients Using Hardware Router and Switches

Question: Examine about theMaori Culture for Human Resource Management. Answer: At the point when the selection representative needs to pick just two contender for the activity in an IT administration association out of the given four applicants, at that point the scout must enlist the competitor who has a place with the maori gathering and the other individual ought to be the Indian up-and-comer. The administration should enroll these two up-and-comers as, the up-and-comer from maori subculture gathering, is sadly is viewed as a regressive class in the place that is known for New Zealand and they are denied of numerous cutting edge offices and social protections (Te Huia Liu, 2012). For this situation, it is seen that the maori applicant has underneath normal capability because of different persecutions and absence of chances, yet the person has an eagerness to prevail throughout everyday life and this sort of energy can constrain the possibility to accomplish something past the desire, to demonstrate what they are prepared to do. Then again, the Indian competi tor likewise should be enrolled as he has all the fundamental capabilities to get chose however he has work experience just in his own nation (Orange, 2015). In this circumstance the association has just picked the maori competitor notwithstanding his absence of required capability to allow him to feature their aptitudes yet for picking the subsequent applicant, they needed to remember it that they ought not bargain with capability (Sorrenson, 2013). Subsequently the Indian up-and-comer turns into the programmed decision. The Indian applicant probably won't be acclimated with the method of working in New Zealand, however having significant work understanding and required scholarly capabilities, it would not be an issue for him to get familiar with the method of working in an alternate country. As per the guidelines drove out by Human Rights Commission, there are some predetermined demonstrations while selecting possibility for work reason, which can be arranged as separation in the enlistment procedure. For this situation, it very well may be said that the enlistment procedure ought not be one-sided on the ethnicity of the competitor, in this way the Human Rights commission would engage no racial separation. Another demonstration that is taboo by the Human Right Commission is, strict segregation. It very well may be said that, the selection representatives must remember the enrollment procedure ought not be one-sided on the strict convictions of the competitor as doing so would abuse the laws of separation that is set by the Human Rights Commission in New Zealand (Muriwai, Houkamau Sibley, 2015). In todays world in the majority of the associations, multicultural foundation is regular including different strict convictions. A few people do a few customs those are significant in their strict branch and some wear various kinds of haircuts, a few people keep facial hair, and associations must regard these (Laudon, 2016). If association confines them from playing out their strict demonstrations the inspiration level of the laborers would endure and indicating any sorts of negative comments in the enlistment procedure with respect to these delicate issues would be considered strict separation. Then again if the enrollment specialists segregate the up-and-comers as per their race are it in an immediate manner or aberrant methodology it would be certainly included as racial separation during the time spent enlistment and that isn't at all mediocre (Muriwai, Houkamau Sibley, 2015). At whatever point the enrollment specialists select an applicant being one-sided on other measures separated from the work understanding and the scholastic capability, it very well may be said that segregation is available in the enlistment procedure. The most ideal approach to escape from the cases of segregation in the enrolling procedure is by employing competitors by intently following the measures created by the administration of the association and keeping up consistency during the time spent the recruiting (Laudon, 2016). Aside from that, the spotters must give a concise insights about why the up-and-comer didn't get chose to maintain a strategic distance from these sorts of undesirable claims morally. Arrangement of Waitangi can be portrayed as a dull proof of the association of the British mourn and the Maori individuals of New Zealand. The arrangement occurred pointing a solidarity among the individuals, however much of the time, various translations and different penetrating of the bargain caused a few clashes (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). After 1970, average citizens came to think about this demonstration and the general endeavors to regard the arrangement and the principals of the bargain are seen growing in a quick way (Muriwai, Houkamau Sibley, 2015). The arrangement of Waitangi is an understanding that was made in the year if 1840, between the ruler of Britain and the Maori individuals of New Zealand. After this arrangement, New Zealand turned into a settlement of Britain and the Maori individuals became he subjects of the British Crown (Bennett Roughan, 2012). Now and again, British individuals and Maori individuals had distinctive comprehension of this settlement. As per thi s settlement, New Zealand turned into a country having two unique societies, and those are Pakeha and Maori, yet as New Zealand is a nation having multiple societies, the country is generally known as a multicultural country. The New Zealand Federation of Multicultural Council guarantees the awareness among the different ethnic networks of the goals, needs and the status of the Maori individuals. The Federation believes that New Zealand is a multicultural nation and in this nation, Maori individuals must have an exceptional societal position as they are the individuals of the land and in this manner they should have some unique rights that are expressed under the Treaty of Waitangi (Haar, Roche Taylor, 2012). It is seen that the assorted variety is available in the working environments of New Zealand, and it is obligatory for every one of the representatives to know about these realities and they should attempt to cooperate. Every worker is relied upon to acknowledge the decent vari eties of the ethnicities in the working environment and show regard towards every ethnic gathering. Biculturalism of New Zealand is depicted in different authority articulations are by and large conveyed in Maori language and in English language (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The Institution of IT Professionals is a philanthropic consolidated association in the place where there is New Zealand. The IITP advances the training and more elevated level of expert practice among the IT experts. Prior to 2012, IITP was mainstream as New Zealand Computer Society Inc. On the main day of work of the representatives, chiefs should weight on the enlistment procedure for the new representatives (Laudon, 2016). The point of this acceptance preparing ought to be to let the new joiners to get acclimated with the work culture of the association and to permit them to work with effectiveness inside a limited ability to focus time. The administration of the associations ought to be cautious with respect to the primary day of work of the new joiners. The administration ought not over-burden the new representatives with data and they ought to clarify what are normal from them and what may be their obligations regarding a straightforward method of working inside the association. The administration ought to take part in utilizing different strategies to permit the new workers to learn things inside a brief timeframe (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The following thing the administration of the associations ought to take part in clarifying all the human asset arrangements of the association to the new representatives with the goal that they don't need to confront any significant issues in the working environment. The representatives ought to be furnished with a rundown of rules and guidelines to keep up the ideal office dignity. Maintaining the workplace etiquette is a significant issue, in this way the administration should weight on furnishing them with full data in regards to the workplace approaches. Something else is significant for the administration of the association in the main day of certain representatives of the association, and that is the administration should gather important contributions from the new joiners toward the finish of their first day at work. These important sources of info will permit the association to act as indicated by the wants of the workers, so as to keep them glad and faithful towards the association (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). For this situation, Google as an association is setting the correct model for all the business association around the world. Google gives a well disposed climate in the workplace premises for improving the certainty level and the unwaveringness of the representatives towards the association. In this way, to finish up, it very well may be said that for the new representatives, the primary day at work is a significant day of their vocation, and the association should focus with the goal that the new joiners don't confront any d ifficulties at work and the way of their profession stays liberated from groups. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human asset the executives practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bennett, M. J., Roughan, N. (2012). Rebus sic Stantibus and the Treaty of Waitangi. Haar, J. M., Roche, M., Taylor, D. (2012). Workfamily struggle and turnover goals of indigenous representatives: the significance of the whanau/family for Maori.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(12), 2546-2560. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management data framework. Pearson Education India. Muriwai, E., Houkamau, C. A., Sibley, C. G. (2015). Culture as Cure? The Protective Function of M?ori Cultural Efficacy on Psychological Distress.New Zealand Journal of Psychology,44(2). Orange, C. (2015).The bargain of Waitangi. Bridget Williams Books. Sorrenson, M. P. K. (2013).Maori sources and relocations: The beginning of some Pakeha fantasies and legends. Auckland University Press. Te Huia, A., Liu, J. H. (2012). M?ori culture as a mental resource for New Zealanders cultural assimilation encounters abroad.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(1), 140-150.

The Effects of Childhood Trauma

The Effects of Childhood Trauma Relationships Violence and Abuse Print Treating the Effects of Childhood Trauma By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 15, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 14, 2019 Image Source / Image Source / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview PTSD Long-Term Health Relationships Getting Help View All Back To Top Although adults often say things like, “He was so young when that happened. He won’t even remember it as an adult,” childhood trauma can have a lifelong effect. And while kids are resilient, they’re not made of stone. That’s not to say your child will be emotionally scarred for life if he endures a horrific experience. With appropriate interventions, adults can help kids recover from traumatic experiences more effectively.?? But it’s important to recognize when your child may need professional help with dealing with a trauma. Early intervention could prevent your child from experiencing ongoing effects of the trauma as an adult.?? What It Is There are many different experiences that can constitute trauma. Physical or sexual abuse, for example, can be clearly traumatic for children. One-time events, like a car accident or a particularly severe natural disaster (like a hurricane, for example), can take a psychological toll on children as well.?? Ongoing stress, such as living in a dangerous neighborhood or being the victim of bullying, can be traumatic, even if it just feels like daily life to an adult.?? In fact, nearly any event can be considered traumatic to a child if: It happened unexpectedlyIt happened repeatedlySomeone was intentionally cruelThe child was unprepared for it Childhood trauma also doesn’t have to occur directly to the child; for instance, watching a loved one suffer can be extremely traumatic as well. Exposure to violent media can also traumatize children.?? Just because an experience is upsetting, however, doesn’t make it traumatic. Parental divorce, for example, will likely affect a child but it isn’t necessarily traumatizing. It’s also important to remember that just because a child endured a tragedy or a near-death experience, doesn’t mean he’ll automatically be traumatized. Some kids are much less affected by their circumstances than others.?? When It Leads to PTSD Many children are exposed to traumatic events at one point or another. While most of them experience distress following a traumatic event, the vast majority of them return to a normal state of functioning in a relatively short period of time. Between 3 and 15 percent of girls and 1 to 6 percent of boysâ€"develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event. Children with PTSD may re-experience the trauma in their minds over and over again. They may also avoid anything that reminds them of the trauma or they may re-enact their trauma in their play.?? Sometimes children believe they missed warning signs predicting the traumatic event. In an effort to prevent future traumas, they become hyper-vigilant in looking for warning signs that something bad is going to happen again.?? Children with PTSD may also have problems with:?? FearDepressionAnxietyAnger and aggressionSelf-destructive behaviorFeelings of isolationPoor self-esteemDifficulty trusting others Even children who don’t develop PTSD may still exhibit emotional and behavioral issues following a traumatic experience.?? Here are some things to watch out for during the weeks and months after an upsetting event:?? Increased thoughts about death or safetyProblems sleepingChanges in appetiteAnger issuesAttention problemsSchool refusalSomatic complaints like headaches and stomachachesLoss of interest in normal activitiesIrritabilitySadnessDevelopment of new fears Effect on Long-Term Health Traumatic events can affect how a child’s brain develops. And that can have lifelong consequences. A study published in 2015 showed that the more adverse childhood experiences a person has, the higher their risk of health and wellness problems later in life. Childhood trauma may increase an individual’s risk of:?? AsthmaDepressionCoronary heart diseaseStrokeDiabetes A study published in 2016 in Psychiatric Times noted that the prevalence of suicide attempts was significantly higher in adults who experienced trauma, such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, and parental domestic violence, as a child. Effect on Relationships A child’s relationship with his caregiverâ€"whether his parents, grandparents or otherwiseâ€"is vital to his emotional and physical health. This relationship and attachment helps the little one learn to trust others, manage emotions and interact with the world around them. When a child experiences a trauma that teaches him that he cannot trust or rely on that caregiver, however, he’s likely to believe that the world around him is a scary place and all adults are dangerousâ€"and that makes it incredibly difficult to form relationships throughout their childhood, including with peers their own age, and into the adult years.?? Children who struggle to maintain healthy attachments to caregivers are likely to struggle with romantic relationships during adulthood. A 2008 Australian study of more than 21,000 child abuse survivors age 60 and older reported a higher rate of failed marriages and relationships.?? How to Help Family support can be key to reducing the impact trauma has on a child. Here are some ways to support a child after an upsetting event:?? Encourage your child to talk about his feelings and validate his emotions.Answer questions honestly.Reassure your child that you’ll do everything you can to keep him safe.Stick to your daily routine as much as possible. If your child has been exposed to traumatic circumstances and you’ve noticed changes in her mood or behavior, talk to her pediatrician. A physician can evaluate your child’s health and, if necessary, make a referral for mental health treatment. Depending on your child’s age and needs, she may be referred for services such as cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, or family therapy. Medication may also be an option to treat your child’s symptoms.?? A Word From Verywell It’s never too late to get help. Whether you’ve adopted a teenager who was abused over a decade ago, or you’ve never received help for the traumatic experiences you endured 40 years ago, treatment can still be effective.

Gun Control And The United States - 2735 Words

Gun Control in the United States The second amendment gives people the right to own a firearm. The founding fathers might have thought a gun was the best form of protection but many years have past since then and humans have evolved. Times are different and society is different. Technology has a big impact on people and how we think and all those variables can affect people with how they react in stressful situations. We have to consider the mental stability of those in possession of the weapons, it is important to keep the weapon away from loved ones or other people, and is the law protecting those in possession of the weapons or putting lives in more danger. The human mind is a complex place filled with a variety of thoughts and desires. One may hide the deepest thought in the unconscious without even knowing it or worse, their desires reside in the conscious waiting to be acted upon. With all circumstances no one from the outside knows what is going on in another ones mind even the person himself may not be completely be sure. My confidence in ones mental stability is low because these facts show the mystery of what is inside the human mind. â€Å"To elaborate on this, in a previous study in 2004 researchers discovered that around one in four adults have a mental health disorder and one in seventeen had a serious mental illness but how many of them keep going on with their lives thinking their feelings are normal? All people are given the right to bare arms that means allShow MoreRelatedGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened throughout the Unites States has created a great divide among Americans on what should our nation do to prevent further shootings from happening. Many people believe that forcing new laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this topic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill peopleRead MoreGun Control And The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Unit ed States gun control is a big controversy that has been blown out of proportion the last few years. Anything that has to do with guns in the news, reporters say it is the guns fault. Gun control laws are being changed and morphed for the new society that we live in today. What gun control really means is a group of laws to control the selling and use of guns.(1). Statistics have proven that most people want more control on guns. Many surveys have shown that the benefits of gun controlRead MoreGun Control Of The United States Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control Proposal Gun control is a highly controversial topic in the United States. There are many people who are for gun control - people who want to have stricter laws to make it so criminals and other dangerous people can’t obtain a firearm. But, there are also the people who disagree with gun control laws and believe there should be a more lenient gun control to help people defend themselves during risky situations. Many gun control laws have been passed for many years. While many have beenRead MoreGun Control And The United States929 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a debated, revisited and revised issue for more than a century in the United States. Recently, after several mass shootings in the United States, gun violence issues are; yet again, renewed and in the forefront for the United States. This paper will consist of insight on gun violence in the United States and the newly imposed gun control policies by President Obama; along with, the arguments for and against the new policies and what roles both the formal and informal actorsRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1166 Words   |  5 PagesSince America’s birth, guns have played a large part in it’s society. Citizens of the United States have used firearms to protect the land they love, and their families. They even use them for engaging activities such as hunting and sport. Though firearms may seem to have a commonplace in society, weighing the rights and liberties of citizens against the safety and welfare of the public has always been a delicate process. In the United States, gun control is a of heated issue that has two sides.Read MoreGun Control And The United States988 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Reassessment in the United States Imagine this: you are in World History class at your high school almost falling asleep learning about Ancient China. It is a normal day for you and your classmates, until you hear an announcement from the principal. You expect the typical lockdown drill, but this situation is far from typical. A man with a gun breaks into your school. BANG! Several of your classmates are killed before this man can be controlled. You survive, but live the rest of yourRead MoreGun Control And The United States1435 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control For gun control, there should be some requirements for the people to take in order to own a gun for themselves. Throughout the United States, gun control should allow people to still have guns; however, the citizens should go through some changes to ensure safety throughout the nation. Gun control has given some helpful ideals before that would help the people understand the responsibilities of their guns. They want to make sure that these laws maintain to progress as a better solutionRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened all through the Unites States has made an great divide among Americans on what ought our country do to keep further shootings from happening. Numerous individuals trust that forcing new laws on how people buy weapons should require background verifications. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by numerous citizens. The critical people of this topic trust that the guns don t murder people, is that people kill peopleRead MoreGun Control in the United States1306 Words   |  6 Pages Gun Control in the United States has gone out of control. The United States should enforce laws to not allow any guns in a house hold in order to reduce violence and crime in the country. Reducing the rate of crime in the United States, controlling big weapons, taxing ammunition, and gun collection can help make this happen. Gun Control can make this country a safer environment to live in. Gun Control has obviously gone out of control in the recent years. Look around, they are everywhere. ReducingRead MoreGun Control Of The United States853 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also criminal sphere. Crime in the United States remains one of the main problems of the country. Every year, 6 million Americans become a victims of crime, murders occur every 24 minutes, rape occur every 5 minutes, robbery occur every 54 seconds. Life becomes dangerous and we need to be able to protect your family by yourself, your business, your property. Therefore so many people thinking about to buys guns and to have guns at home. In addition, the gun is freedom. We live in a free country

Essay on Making Sustainability Work in the Business World

Protecting the environment has become an important issue in today’s society. There is no longer any doubt that businesses should consider their social responsibility and the impact of their activities on their stakeholders. In addition, firms are beginning to realize that corporate sustainability can prove to be a win win. There are multiple benefits of sustainability linked to costs, revenues, community relations, and more. The decision to strive for sustainability is obvious, but this process is easier said than done. Developing a sustainability strategy is difficult in itself, but the most challenging factor is the actual implementation. Marc J. Esptein, the author of Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring†¦show more content†¦This framework aspires to improve the company in both sustainability and financial performance. This model identifies the leaders of corporate sustainability performance, the manager’s actions, and the res ults and outcomes of these actions on corporate environmental, social, and financial performance. The framework consists of four main sections. The first part of the framework is the inputs. Inputs influence both leaders’ decisions and the processes that the company uses to improve are sustainability. Inputs can be broken down into external context, internal context, business context and human and financial resources. The second part of the framework is the processes. After leaders have studied the inputs, they have the necessary information to develop the appropriate processes to improve sustainability. These processes include leadership, sustainability strategy, sustainability structure, and sustainability system, programs, and actions. These processes ultimately lead to sustainability performance (good or bad), and stakeholder reactions. These two outputs eventually affect long-term corporate financial performance, which is the final part of the framework. Throughout the framework, there is also a system of feedback loops. Feedback is an essential task that can contribute to constructively challenging and positively changing the strategy. One important thing to take in to accountShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Sustainability On The Business World And Professional Business Communication1253 Words   |  6 PagesHow Sustainability Is Used In the Business World and Professional Business Communication When talking about sustainability numerous people associate it with just protecting the environment. Sustainability is far more than going green, but it is a principle that many companies have adopted and have worked persistently to improve over the last several years. Sustainability is defined as the ability to continue a behavior indeterminately, but it also includes improving human life overall. SustainableRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Essays952 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities, threats, and trends of the business.    Environmental scanning can be defined as the procedure of collecting, examining, and assigning data for strategic purposes. The finest way to achieve environmental scanning is by generating a SWOTT analysis. A SWOTT analysis is in what way a business can outline the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends that are significant to the business. The corporate environment of a business makes known much about competitivenessRead More Global Business And Its Sustainability Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal business and its sustainability can contribute significantly to present and upcoming accomplishment of organizations. A major success factor for change towards sustainability in corporate world is incorporation of environmental, economic and societal goals. This incorporation is an important achievement, however it require a systematic approach which itself is a major challenge for organizations. Therefore, there is a significant need to acknowledge subject’s related to sustainability, whichRead MoreHow Can Contemporary Society Address Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagescomplex interaction of environmental, social, and economic force that factors and currently limiting the sustainability of business enterprises around the world, a clear gap created among the â€Å"words† and â€Å"action†, according to the latest global information? How can federal and state agencies break down silos and w ork together to pursue sustainability? What is the preferred model for business-government collaboration and engagement with civil society and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? We raiseRead MoreThe And Human Impact On Society1732 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental responsibilities of a business. On the other hand, financial reporting along with sustainability reporting interconnects these responsibilities, and offers more comprehensive information about the financial and human impact on society. Sustainability reporting discloses other relevant information about a company that financial reporting lacks. Currently, laws and regulations are not designed with policies and procedures to accommodate sustainability reporting. In order for companies toRead MoreThe Environment Pays Back1108 Words   |  5 Pages​Obviously, today’s world is on a steady decline. Countries are not able to keep up with their growing populations. Natural resources are being used up at a rate unsustainable for future generations. The ozone layer is continuously deteriorating as the rate of carbon dioxide emissions rises. Environmental groups and human rights activists alike fight for change in these trends every day, urging companies and people to ration the supplies they use up. So, who can turn this doomed world around? AccordingRead MoreSustainability : A Long And Mixed History Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the environmental pollution caused by transportation, there are endless increasing problems of waste disposal and many other problems that the world faces. It has been suggested that businesses require re-thinking and thus each business should apply the concept of sustainability which is a common term used in business ethics. Sustainability has a long and mixed history due to its importance (Crane and Matten, 2007). Sustainable development recognizes the importance of economic wealth, environmentalRead MoreUnilever : A Competitive And Volatile Environment840 Words   |  4 Pagesprofitability. Legal requirements, technical changes, and change in the habits of the customers have created problems for businesses. Companies, including us, have to be updated, and continuous RD is the key solution to many of our problems. An attractive business is one with higher margins and low competitions. Therefore, if the environment where we operate is with higher level of competition and low level of profit margins, our best strategy is to keep customers satisfied and loyal, continuous RD, costRead MoreHow Business Is Not Sustainable909 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business is initiated and run with the aim of making profits. As such, every employer must compel his or her employees to work hard to ensure that the business objectives are achieved. Additionally, every business, whether big or small in size have c ome to the realization that the traditional methods that were used to measure the performance of the business contribute little in matters of the shareholders. Notably, much of the decisions and the policies were meant to ensure that the companyRead MoreThe Sustainability Strategy of Virgin Groups Corporate1497 Words   |  6 Pagesmake sustainability a mainstream issue. â€Å"The goal of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.† (G3.1 Guidelines, 2011, p4) This study report on a survey of the Virgin Groups sustainability report that summarize the Virgin companies’ sustainability strategy, evaluating the sustainability report based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) principle, to comment performance indicators and making recommendations

Leadership Motivation Free Essays

Leadership is the process of motivating others to work to meet specific goals and objectives. â€Å"Leadership is deliberately causing people-driven actions in a planned fashion for the purpose of accomplishing the leader’s agenda† (Crosby 2). A leader motivates others to action. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, it is the motivation of others and their actions that defines a successful leader. In other words, leadership is the art and science of getting others to perform and achieve a vision. Therefore, leadership is not only reflected in performance, no matter how good that performance is, but in accomplishment. As a leader one’s focus should be on accomplishing that leadership goals, whether in a personal, community or charitable, business, political, or industrial forum. In the business world, managers have a great responsibility of leading employees working under them. In order to achieve successful leadership, a leader or a manager should possess certain principles and essential skills. Leadership Principles, Objectives and Problems There are several principles a leader should follow to be successful. A few of the principles are as follows: The most important principle of leadership is ‘listening’. â€Å"A good leader is always an active listener† (Rausch, Washbush 143). Active listening shows that the leader cares, is interested and wants to be involved, enabling the n leader to benefit from the experience. The primary objective of a leader would be to adapt the principles of ‘listening’ into their own life. If the leader is not a good listener, then he/she should learn how to really listen. In addition to listening and carefully understanding what a team member is saying, leader should also make sure that every team member gets leader’s undivided attention (Normand, Jackson 111). Unfortunately, as a listener, leaders have their own problems to face with. Listeners frequently have too many sound and visual signals reaching them at the same time. It is difficult for the listener to pay attention to multiple speakers all at once. Also, there could be a number of other problems the leader could be facing in their own life. The leader as a listener will never listen with understanding until other matters are forgotten for the moment and attention is given to the speaker. Another problem involved with listening is the leader not being able to understand the words being spoken. Hearing what is being spoken is just a part of listening, but understanding some of the words could be tricky sometimes. To avoid problems involving listening, the listener should use good eye contact so that he/she can concentrate on the particular speaker. That helps the listener pay attention on the subject too. Leader should also learn the meaning of the words the speaker is using and if he is unable to understand, he needs to ask questions. This also lets the speaker know that the listener is unable to understand and the listener is paying attention. Planning is determining what you want to accomplish, working out beforehand how it is to be done, deciding who will responsible for each step, and having every phase written down. One of the leader’s objectives is to be able to appreciate the value of careful and complete planning. Good leader applies the steps of good planning to each part of life. The leader should visually plan the steps involved to reach a certain goal. For example, assume that an organizational agenda is â€Å"A return on assets of atleast 15 percent, revenues per employee over $155,000 annually, zero customer complaints, twenty new products†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Crosby 33). The first step is to separate the revenue-producing areas into those that are never going to reach that performance level, those that could with the correct investment of time or money, and those that are meeting it now. Things that can must replace those that cannot meet. This sort of planning is a regular part of leaders organizational life (33). The biggest problem with planning is it is time consuming and involves a lot of thought. In addition, it involved paperwork and other systematic procedures. Many people hate paperwork and following systematic procedures, which makes the planning process inefficient. To achieve good planning results without any problems, the leader should set a broad goal or objective and decide what form the project will take. Then develop a step-by-step course of action to completion (Lundy 13). Keeping all the other objectives in mind, the plan should then be put into effect while readjusting the plan as necessary. Most important of all the leadership principles is to be able to effectively manage time. The leader must determine not only how he will use his own time, but also how the group’s time will be used. Managing time effectively will allow the leader to achieve success, happiness and pride at the workforce. As a leader, personal time management is one of the chief objectives. At work place, the leader should manage meeting time more effectively. The leader should develop and follow his own personal plan for the effective use of time. Often times leaders find having trouble with managing time. Due to poor organization and lack of planning, time management becomes a tricky task. â€Å"Being unable to set the priorities will make time management process very ineffective and sometimes completely useless† (Washbush, Rausch 269). There are several ways to manage the group’s or organization’s time effectively. The leader should provide a job description to each person. To save more time, the leader should train or take key people further and commit to these key people when things need to be done immediately. These key people should be kept informed and the leader should have these key people take initiative to report back. The leader should utilize only the time needed for successful completion of the group project, event or activity. Every individual working in the team is important and every individual has varied talents and not to mention problems of their own. Knowing the person, understanding the person and identifying the strengths and needs of the individual are vital for the leader in order to be most effective with the person (Rausch, Washbush 233-235). Leader’s objective is to perform more effectively as a leader by getting to know and understand individual members of the group. Leader should be able identify the characteristics and needs of the members of a group. The leader should be able to look for and accept the strengths of each individual (Lundy 43-45). Getting to know a person is a very complex skill and there are several problems involved during this process. People are complex. An individual is like a mixed bag with different characteristics. Until many of the characteristics of an individual are identified, it is impossible to begin to know and understand that person. To overcome the problems of knowing a person, the leader should spend more time with his team members. The leader should make attempts to know the needs and characteristics of his team member and fellow employees. Every human being has need for love. If we love a person, we care for that person and we try not to hurt the person in any way. Love is expressed by doing things to strengthen, improve, support and defend the one loved. A good leader does what is morally and ethically right and does not abuse the management power or privileges he/she has over their sub-ordinates. A good leader loves and gives individual consideration, coaches, advises and gives help to those who need it. A good leader also treats newcomers with a lot of respect and love (Row). Leader should give love to each person he associates with. The primary objective is to overcome the fear as a leader by extablishing close feelings of love with the team members. â€Å"Leadership involves being as well as doing. Individual styles of leadership may be quite different, yet equally effective† (Lundy 76). As conditions and situations change, leaders need to change their styles of leadership. The challenge of the leader is not to follow one leadership style all the time, but to use the leadership style needed by his followers. Leaders should maintain the power or influence of their offices by being kind and knowledgeable. The primary objective of being the leader would be to recognize the qualities necessary for a leader to be successful. Leader should be able to recognize various leadership styles and understand when each would be appropriate. â€Å"Sometimes leader will have to follow their group member and in such situations the good leader will appreciate the leadership in other while serving the role of a follower†(Carlin). Leader often have trouble deciding what leadership style to be used at what given instance. Another problem with leaders is that some leaders tend to follow the same leadership principles all the time and this is not a good idea to tackle special situations. The leader must not consider himself locked into a style of leadership with any individual or group. To avoid problems leaders should always act accordingly and change leadership skills depending on the situation and need. At the same time leader should be confident enough to be able to deal with the new skills (Carlin). Every group needs a leader and the group’s performance depends on the leader either directly or indirectly. Whether it is a hospital, private practice, health maintenance organization, government facility, or university, or a business, they all need supervisors and leaders. The behavior as a manager has a direct impact on staff performance, productivity, satisfaction, and turnover. Proper Leadership skills are highly essential for a manager as well as the company or organization to become successful. The leadership principles mentioned in this paper are just a simple guideline for managers and leaders to follow; however, a good leader does not require any guidelines. A good leader inherits leadership qualities by inheritance of leadership abilities and characteristics from their own life. How to cite Leadership Motivation, Essay examples Leadership motivation Free Essays string(73) " perception of the leader towards his or her followers \(Stacey, 1992\)\." Organizations usually draw their driving forces from several sources. Some of these sources include good capital structure and most dominant is a good team of employees. The need for a good team of employees calls for the need for an organization to formulate a unique quality employee-resourcing plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Employee-resourcing scheme calls for a reward scheme towards the employees, based on many factors including, merit, skills, as well asexperience. Therefore, employee resourcing refers to the process of acquiring employees by an organization. This process includes several steps for it to be regarded as successful and reliable. Employee resourcing is usually the duty of the Human Resource Management department in organizations. The task of leadership entails a mixture of skills and approaches in sourcing and managing the workforce. Human resource planning is essential in organizations, in that, it enables organizations and in this case leaders to be aware of the things that may lead to staff demoralization. Through realization of these causes, the leadership is able to save the organization much loss since it will work towards maintaining the key staff and human resource. Planning also ensures that the right employees are selected for the right jobs(Terry, 1960). This done through competitive interviews and this should be accompanied by merit. It is only through selecting qualified staff that an organization is able to succeed since the workers will be confident with their work. Human resource planning for instance enables the management in the organization to carry out continuous training. For instance, in- services training should be offered to the staff members especially those who have not interacted with computers before. This increases efficiency on the part of the staff. However, human resource planning can lead to collapse of the organization especially when selection of the staff and the managers is based on corruption grounds. Therefore, human resource planning should be viewed as the means by which organizations achieve their organizational success. The job of a manager is basically defined as â€Å"someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals. The above calls for use of all the organizational resources which include financial, human and physical resources both efficiently and effectively where the manager uses what have been defined as the basic management functions of planning, organizing leading and controlling, utilizing their managerial skills which are conceptual, interpersonal and technical . Staffing,, sourcing, directing as well as controlling of employees if performed by applying the relevant managerial skills leads to attaining the organizational goals and objectives. The emerging trends in the global economy, stiff competition, increased level of awareness among communities on the role of the organization to the society, the need to maintain best staff as well to attract the best staff calls for management to reawaken their zeal for work so as management meet and overcome the emerging trends . In all of the above, leadership plays a very crucial role. The whole organizational momentum is decided by the top management, the style they adopt determines how decisions are going to be made, what kind of decisions the business is likely to make, the nature of policies which the company is going to adopt as well as how the organization will respond to management issues such as competitor activity, industrial attractiveness employee relations, public relations as well as corporate social responsibilities. The strategic fit of the organization is determined by whether the leaders are visionary or non-visionary whether these exercise foresight and how they balance risk taking and the drive for initiative. The momentum of a company is generated from the top management and perfected in bottom level, the success of an organization squarely rests on each and every single employee regardless of the role and position held in the organization. Therefore, to achieve a well coordinated and motivated team, the leadership and in essence, every single employee must be able to play their role effectively so as to achieve a synergetic effect. The company which succeeds is that which handles all departmental issues in regard to solving problems which arise and keep on arising. The challenges can serve as the source of de-motivating an otherwise motivated staff, if issues are not well attended to, while on the other hand, the challenges can afford an organization the opportunity to bond its workforce and reassure unity of purpose in the organization. Positive organizational behavior leads to organizational success while a negative corporate behavior leads to loss of profits and therefore organizational failure The process of leadership is basically dependent on the leader or the manager and their led leadership cannot be exercised without a person or persons providing leadership and someone or people being led. The form of leadership depends on the relationship created by the leader and the led. With a good relationship between these dependent group, leadership process ends up being very manageable. However in cases where relationship between the leaders and the followers turns sour, the leadership process ends up being an uphill task. A bad relationship between the leader and the led creates conflicts which end up as a limiting factor to a smooth leadership . Generally the leadership should be exercised under the assistance of certain values. These values are usually moral values, which emphasizes on maintenance of good relationships among individuals. When a leader handles his followers with the right moral attitude, the response from the led is usually favorable. On the other side a leader having followers who are guided by moral values, duties or information will be absorbed as required. Hence results expected are reached since influences them (Pitcher, 1994). Leadership takes many directions or forms. This forms of leadership are generated or determined by either: a) The attitude of the leader b) The attitude or behavior of the led c) The context or place of leadership. Attitude of the leader determines the forms of leadership mostly depending on the perception of the leader towards his or her followers (Stacey, 1992). You read "Leadership motivation" in category "Papers" The attitude of the led influences the form of leadership to be exercised on them in that: if followers behave recklessly, coercion should be used hence authoritative leadership. However if the followers of a leader behave or have an attitude of self-initiative the democratic form of leadership is likely going to be exercised by the leaders. Leadership is also likely to be influenced by the context or place where leadership is being exercised. For example in prisons, the nature of the activities or objectives requires that authoritative form of leadership be exercised. Other form of leadership emerges from combining guidelines advocated by the main notable form of leadership. These leadership forms are usually aimed at creating efficiency in leadership. Such of these is the transformational leadership. Transformational leadership entails the behavior of the leader in taking position. In transformational leadership the leader is believed to take a position, which creates a vision to the followers aimed at leading them in achieving their goals. The idea given to the followers is aimed at converting their efforts into efficiency likely to lead to the set objectives. Globalization has led to new challenges and therefore today’s organizations have evolved and different mangers are allocated interwoven duties which call for a multicultural approach. The field of management has evolved in the recent past with different management gurus coming up with management roles deemed fit for different categories of managers, depending on the prevailing business environment. While traditionally managers were seen as the source of wisdom and as knowing every thing, modern practices have tended to involve all staff. There is a wider appreciation of the fact that, even the very junior staffs in terms of rank such as messengers, drivers, and receptionists play a very critical role in organization. It is common knowledge that, stakeholders such as customers and suppliers are more likely to interact with them than they are with the senior management. This calls for careful integration of roles of managers to cater for the ever-changing management scenarios . Managers at al levels share one thing, that it is, they control, plan, direct, organize and play staffing roles. Depending on the level of the manger, different skills as well as expertise is required. The amount and complexity of the skills and duties largely depend on the type and complexity of the organization. In multinational companies such as coca cola, for example a line manger could earn as well as perform more complex duties than in a small organization with say for instance only two branches. Taking an example of a human resource manger in coca-coal for instance, if one is the head of HR in a country like USA, they are mandated to deal with a staff of over 8,000 staff. Clearly the nature of skills required for such jobs are less intense in an organization where by the HR managers less staff members. Organization should ensure that the employees’ requirement is handled with sensitivity. This requires the organizations to make sure that the employees’ complaints as well as grievances in the organization are handled on time and efficiently. This is the only way in which leaders ensure that, employees remain motivated and focused. Organizations should create very efficient systems of employee resourcing to ensure that the best is recruited. An organization should consider factors such as professional, qualification, skills and experience whenever resourcing for employees (Warneka, 2006). The Human Resource Department in the organization should be equipped with sufficient resources and facilities to enable it carry out its activities comfortably. The human resource department should be restructured overtime to adjust for the change in the employee market. For example changes in the required level o personnel qualifications should always be kept up to date. However the size and roles of the organization may call for integration of duties and responsibilities something, which explains why more and more organizations are recruiting well, rounded staff. Usually many departments will have to work in unison for instance production and marketing, production and accounts department due to the inter-linkage of each of the areas of the organization. There is no single department can afford to exist on its own for the organization is like the human anatomy, whereby every body part requires the next to perform better. In small organization, especially those entering the market for the first time in, may not need the services of so many line mangers, therefore a human resource manager may double as the accounts manger and sometimes the driver. This is necessitated by the need to perform as well as the need to save the costs involved in the recruitment of many skilled staff. Different roles as played by different levels of management contribute wholly to the success or failure of the organization( Pitcher, 1994). For instance, senior level mangers are usually concerned with dealing with stakeholders’ especially important clients. It would not be right to discuss on the functions of mangers and their roles without mentioning how information technology has come in to eliminate most of the jobs which some managers especially junior mangers used to. However it is worthy noting that in most cases the remuneration as well as privileges and benefits enjoyed vary across the market . Modern management has shifted focus from static job situations to encouraging well-rounded employees. As a strategic measurement, many organizations currently train their employees to be able to function in more than one department (Torbert, 2004). This helps in situations were there may be heavy work loads in one department in which case staff can be reallocated duties thus saving the organization money in terms of hiring from outside. Conclusion Leadership is an art which is usually relied on in the process of goal achievement in many areas. These areas can either be in secular or religious fields. Leadership should be exercised in a manner likely to give the desired yields. The leader should try as much as possible to apply the right type of leadership style depending on his context. This will be a good way of avoiding conflict and unnecessary difficulties in the leadership process. According to *the leader should always try to meet the expectations of the led. The position of a leader should be visionary to enable achievement of goals which is a dominant quality of transformational leadership explains why transformational leadership is supreme. How to cite Leadership motivation, Papers

Network Securities Management

Nowadays there has been a great advancement in information technology. This has resulted in many people incorporating information technology in their businesses and organizations. The advancement of information technology has enabled the learning institutions, hospitals, businesses as well as government agencies to employ information technology in their day-to-day activities.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Network Securities Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has resulted to increased performance in these institutions. Information Technology has boosted the expansion of many businesses by enabling them to expand their operations across borders by adapting e-business. The adaption of e-business has helped businesses to augment their market niche as well as improve their communications within the companies as well as with other stakeholders such as their suppliers and shareholders. A computer ne twork is a system that comprise of interconnected computers that communicate with each other. For instance, computers may be connected through the physical hardwires such as the use of wires and networking cards or wirelessly. The networking of computers allows the computers within the network to communicate with each other, share files as well as share some other resources such as the printer. The networking process enables computers to be linked with the internet which increases the usability of a computer network (EcommercePrgrgram.com, 2007). Network Security entails the requirements that are required in an organization to assist in protecting the computer systems, network as well as the resources that are accessible through the network. Network security involves preventing unauthorized access, malicious damages of files, monitoring continuous and consistency of traffic flow as well as effectiveness of the computer network. Network security is a common concern for every company that has a computer network. It is very important for a system administrator to ensure that he/she puts effective security measures to ensure that the network is secure from unauthorized access.Advertising Looking for term paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A compromised network security gives hackers or competitive rivals an opportunity to enter into the network and damage sensitive files as well as interfere with the system and completely crush it down. The loss of important data as well as alteration of some sensitive data can result to very serious repercussions to the company affected. The term information security is taken to refer to security of computer system from within an organization, while network security refers to security of the network from outside intruders. The security of any network starts from authentication of a user who logs into the network. Authentication of such type is referr ed as one factor authentication, while a two factor authentication occurs when one uses an Automated Machine or a mobile phone. Three factor authentications happen in biometrics, where body parts such as the eye retina or finger prints are used to verify the user. The authentication procedure is followed by firewalls that leverage the programs or services that will be accessed by authorized users. Firewalls are effective in preventing unauthorized access of sensitive information, but they fail to prevent entry of worms into the network which are transmitted across network. To overcome the entry of viruses as well as worms inside the network, the system network administrator should make sure that he/she installs appropriate firewall as well as IPS settings. The evolvement of information technology has resulted to advancement of the network security systems. The introduction of e-businesses has resulted to the need to modify the computer security systems from keeping the unwanted user s away, but enabling the targeted people to access the network. The cotemporary network should allow customers, remote employees as well as other relevant stakeholders to access the network. Thus the use of firewall and antivirus is not sufficient to guarantee the required security. The security system employed should ensure that it is able to keep the information of the clients private and secure. Through this process the customers will be able to trust the organization network since it cannot expose their information to unwanted people (Curtin, 1997).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Network Securities Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various techniques that hackers employ to access computer networks illegally. One of the processes they use is an attack of the Internet Protocol. Basically, an IP does not do any authentication of any form. This means that the computer network allows tra nsmission of a packet within the network without finding out whether the address that it assumes to originate from is part of the network. Therefore to control transmission of unwanted packets, the system administrator ensures that the network is able to offer authentication at the application layer. Some of the strategies that hackers employ to access computer networks illegally are IP session hijacking. This process involves instances where unauthorized user takes over a user’s session. For instance, if a user is using an email, the intruder attacks the session and impersonates to be the real user. To control IP snooping, system administrators should make sure that they install their network system with encryption programs. Subsequently, the computer users should therefore make sure that they encrypt their packets before transmission. Use of encryption mechanism has been noted to be a very effective strategy of overcoming IP snooping. The encryption of packets makes sure th at even if the hacker takes over a user’s session, he/she is not in a position to decrypt the transmitted packets in order to understand the kind of information being relayed since they do not have the required cryptographic key. The system manager should advise the management accordingly on the right software and hardware to include in their systems in order to enhance the security of their computer networks. The computer system manager who works on a company that uses mostly telnet should advice the company management to use encrypted versions of telnet, instead of standard telnet that are highly prone to IP snooping. Denial of service attack is a network attack whereby a network attacker sends a lot of request to a host computer which it cannot be able to manage. Most ‘DoS attacks like the Ping of Death’ and ‘Teardrop’ attacks take the advantage of the limitation of the TCP or IP protocols.Advertising Looking for term paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example ,it is noted that for all DoS attacks, there are some software that have been designed to prevent these attacks, therefore system administrators should ensure that their computer networks are installed with appropriate software in order to control network attacks through denial of services. A network attacker executes a denial of service attack by sending a lot of request to a system than it can handle. The attacker uses some tools to make it easier to run a program that request the host to send numerous messages. Through this process the attacker makes a connection by faking the packets header information that contains the information of where the packet is originating from and then drops the connecting (Raggo, 2003).). Unauthorized Access is another form of network insecurity. Unauthorized access means an authorized user accessing some resources that ought not to come across. In a computer network, different workstations are given diverse rights on accessing various re sources within the network. This limitation is employed for security issues. For instance, in a situation where a host is a web server, it is programmed in a manner to give anyone with the rights to access the requested web pages. Nevertheless, that host should not offer command shell access before verifying that the request is originating from the right location such as from a local administrator. For example, the system administrator should not allow un-trusted person to execute any command from the server. There exist two categories of this situation. They include the normal access user and administrator access. A normal user is given the right to execute a number of things over the network system. A normal user should be in a position to mail files as well as read those files that are shared over the network. Similarly, the user is given the mandate to mail such files to other people. These rights are only limited to those authorized network users. Unauthorized users are not in a position to execute the aforementioned activities since they have not been given the access rights. Conversely, normal users are not given the permission to make configuration changes to a host. Configuration alterations may involve changing the IP address as well as installing a start-up script that makes a system to shut down every time it boots up. It is only the system administrator that is given the right to execute the configuration changes such as changing the IP addresses or putting start-up scrip. For the normal user to access such privileges, he/she will seek permissions from the system administrator (Curtin, 1997). The connection of an organization to the internet allows the movement of traffic in two ways. This jeopardizes the security of an organization since some proprieties information is freely accessible within a corporate intranet. To overcome this system administrators are using firewalls to create a separation between a company’s intranet and the interne t. A firewall is some components that are used to act as a barrier between two networks. There exist three kinds of firewalls namely; the Application Gateways which comprises of bastions hosts that run some software that behave like proxy server. Application Gateways operates at the application layer of the ISO/OSI Reference Model. It requires for the clients behind the firewall to be proxitized in order to employ Internet services. The use of Application Gateway is not considered as the most preferred option since it is a very slow process. It is slow because it requires a number of subsequent processes to be initiated in order to have a request serviced. The other type of firewall that can be used to separate the company’s intranet with the internet is Packet Filtering. In this method, routers are fitted with Access Control Lists. Thus, through this process, routers are only allowed to transmit only specific packets that they receive. The use of ACLs helps a company to leve rage the information that they avail to the public and the information it considers private. This firewall takes place at the transport layer or the session layer. Packet filtering firewalls are faster than Application gateways firewalls. Conversely, Packet filtering is not considered as a very effective security strategy since the TCP/IP that are associated with Packet Filtering do not have the ability to verify that the source address is really what it assumes to be. In order to enhance the security of computer network while using packet filtering firewalls, the system administrator should use two packets of filtering in order to guarantee whether the packet originates from the internet or intranet. The most effective and efficient firewall is the Hybrid System. This firewall combines the concepts of both the application gateway and packet filtering mechanism in order to boost the performance of firewalls. The system requires authentication and approval at the application layer. A fter the authentication and approval the packet is passed on to the session layer where the packet filtering ensures that it is only those packets that should be accessed by the public are passing on. The coming of e-business has resulted to greater insecurity issues. Many businesses as well as people have lost a lot of their money due to existence of ineffective security measures within their network. Companies that sell their products online should make sure that they have secured their systems accordingly in order to avoid exposing the credit codes of their customers to hackers. Expose of the credit numbers of their clients can result to hackers using these credit cards to make unwarranted purchases. The Sony Entertainment American is an example of a recent victim of hacking that resulted to expose of credit cards of many of their customers (Curtin, 1997). In order to have very effective and efficient security systems, the system administrator should ensure that he/she updates th e network accordingly. The security infrastructure should be able to provide authentication for the users that access the network. Being able to identify the users that visit the network is very paramount in establishing a successful network security. The network should be able to authenticate its customers accurately and efficiently in order to create satisfying experiences with its customers and partners. After the authentication, the system should authorize the users appropriately. The system should give various accesses to diverse users depending on their level of authorization. The system should in addition offer the protection of assets. The network asset entails the information that is transmitted or stored in the network. The computer network should make sure that it keeps information that is stored or transmitted in the network safe and confidential. Similarly, the network should be installed with programs that help in accountability processes. These programs should help th e system administrator to know who are logged in, and what they are doing. The system administrator should advise the management accordingly in order to ensure that they adapt appropriate security policies that will enhance the security of the system. Appropriate administration procedures will greatly boost the security of a network. The security measures adapted should offer assurance that they are effective in meeting their objective. One sure method to verify their effectiveness is by the proactive detection of viruses as well as intrusions. Reference List Curtin, M. (1997).Introduction to Network Security. Web. EcommercePrgrgram.com. E-business – Privacy and Security. Web. Raggo, M. (2003). Hacking and Network Defense. Web. This term paper on Network Securities Management was written and submitted by user Helen Lamb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bicycle Business Trends, threats and opportunities

Bicycle Business Trends, threats and opportunities Trends Fashion, health consciousness and active lifestyle trends Statistics have indicated that bicycling is a healthy lifestyle with regard to not only cardiovascular exercise, but also a great mode of stress and tension relief. Many Americans have realized the benefits associated with bicycle industry (National Bicycle Dealers Association 2009 Para.4). It is also a fashion trend that fit and slim people are regarded to as fashion conscious.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bicycle Business: Trends, threats and opportunities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many people regardless of age or gender therefore see bicycling as a convenient way of achieving fashion statements with regard to their perceived fitness and body size. Subsequently, the bicycle industry has grown as more and more people take this option either as a means of transportation or, for recreation. The retail shop is evidently going to have high sal es due to these social trends which do not show signs of diminishing in the next three to five years. Student market The fact that this retail shop is located near a university is very convenient, as many students prefer to use bicycles for their transport given that most of them cannot afford cars. Additionally, it is regarded as fashionable to own certain makes of bikes, which is a very effective factor that might see this retail shop make large profits in the course of the next five years. Opportunities High fuel prices Political instability in the Middle East is a vital factor that highly affects the cost of fuel world wide. With the high cost being felt by the consumer in the recent times, consumers have found cycling not only a faster means, but also a cost saving mode of transport (Williamson Zeng 69). The bicycle industry therefore must see the opportunity in the high fuel costs which has turned about 5.2 % of the total population to cyclists. It is therefore important that the market finds convenient strategies to win more consumers as they also work effortlessly to satisfy consumer needs. Bicycle variety Additionally, the business must endeavor to stock a wide variety of bikes to cater for varied consumer needs. These include comfort, mountain, hybrid, beach cruiser, downhill, commuter and also children bicycles in order to capture the whole market. If every customer’s needs are met, then the profits will inevitably be enormous. The business can engage in offering free repair services for a specified period of time after purchase. This shall keep customers as they build business trust. The retail shop must therefore have unlimited selection of bicycles as they offer after service to customers. It is also important to note that the retail shop must stock varied brands to suit customer needs.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Clothing Among its competitors, there is no single one that offers riding clothing. Mostly, customers are referred to other shops. The retail shop therefore can take up the task of in additional to retail sale and service as their ways of generating revenue, selling gloves, shoes and riding wear to enhance service delivery. Events organizers The fact that this retail shop is the only shop that organizers riding events gives it an upper hand over other competitors. However, there is great opportunity in organizing events that cater not only for students, but those that are gender and age conscious. This will give consumers an opportunity to view the stock in the retail shop. It is also at such events that raffles can be organizers where winner are awarded with prizes such as new bicycles, free service to their current bicycles for a specified period of time or free riding gear. The organization of riding events is an opportunity that is bound to raise the profit margins. Thr eats Economy fluctuations – discretionary spending Being a small retail shop, the business will inevitably be affected by fluctuations of the economy as times become harder and harder for the consumer. Today, the unemployment rate stands at 9.1% which translates to fewer and fewer customers as a result of discretionary spending. Lowering costs of bicycles on the other hand is not a valid business decision considering the fact that this is a retail shop which makes only significant profit margins. Seasonality The market is sometimes unpredictable and has seasons. If a new make of car is produced in the market, then there are chances of shift of interest. This is bound to after the bicycle retail shop as sales will definitely go down (Bicycle Retailer Para.1). Challenges associated with seasonality go beyond profits as the retailer has to cater for other business expenditures from other sources. Competition The retail shop is at a threat facing competition pressure with r egard to price sets as other wholesale merchants are in a position to cut profits and offer large discount considerably. At this point, the retail shop is not in a position to face such competition as it deals in limited stock and very minimal capital is there for expansion. Even though other competitors are retailers, the retail shop is bound to suffer together with them, when the large merchants offer appealing discounts. Bicycle Retailer. Bicycle Retailer and Industry News. 2011. 14 September 2011. www.bicycleretailer.comAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Bicycle Business: Trends, threats and opportunities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More National Bicycle Dealers Association. Industry Overview. 2011. 14 September 2011. www.nbda.com Williamson, Peter Zeng, Ming. Value-for-money Strategies for Recessionary Times, 2009 Harvard Business Review, 69

American Lion (Panthera Leo Atrox) Facts and Figures

American Lion (Panthera Leo Atrox) Facts and Figures Name: American Lion; also known as Panthera leo atrox Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Period: Pleistocene-Modern (two million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 13 feet long and 1,000 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; lithe build; thick coat of fur About the American Lion (Panthera leo atrox) Contrary to popular belief, the saber-toothed tiger  (more accurately referred to by its genus name, Smilodon) wasnt the only feline apex predator of Pleistocene North America: there was also the American Lion, Panthera leo atrox. If this plus-sized cat was, in fact, a true lion- some paleontologists speculate that it may have been a species of jaguar or tiger- it was the largest of its kind that ever lived, outweighing its contemporary African relatives by hundreds of pounds. Even still, the American lion was no match for Smilodon, a more heavily built predator (only distantly related to the Panthera genus) that employed an entirely different hunting style. On the other hand, the American lion may have been smarter than Smilodon; before the advent of human civilization, thousands of saber-toothed tigers became mired in the La Brea Tar Pits in search of prey, but only a few dozen individuals of Panthera leo atrox met such a fate. Intelligence would have been a valuable trait in the competitive landscape of Pleistocene North America, where the American lion had to out-hunt not only Smilodon but also the dire wolf (Canis dirus) and the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus), among other megafauna mammals. Unfortunately, by the end of the last Ice Age, all of these vicious carnivores occupied the same dismal playing field, hunted to extinction by early humans at the same time as climate change and a reduction in their usual prey thinned out their populations. How was the American lion related to another famous big cat of Pleistocene North America, the cave lion? According to a recent analysis of mitochondrial DNA (which is passed on only by females, thus allowing for detailed genealogical studies), the American lion diverged from an isolated family of cave lions, cut off from the rest of the population by glacial activity, about 340,000 years ago. From that point on, the American lion and the cave lion coexisted in different North American territories, pursuing different hunting strategies.

Punjabi Music Bhangra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Punjabi Music Bhangra - Essay Example Bhangra music is a genre that was developed in the 1980s in England. It entails both folk and classical music from various western regions as well as the Punjab region of India. Some people refer to Bhangra as a kind of dance since it was earlier used as a celebratory folk dance that meant spring or Vaisakhi was nearby (David, 2011). Concerning India’s partition, members from the different partitions started to interact and mix their varied form of Bhangra. This mixture resulted in a hybrid form of Bhangra that in cooperated many different styles. Some people also referred Bhangra as a folk dance.It is dated to begin as folk dance in 11th century by Punjabi farmers celebrating forthcoming of their seasonal harvests. The various moves used in Bhangra of this form depicted how the farmers farmed their land (David, 2011). It is then that this hybrid dance emerged to become Bhangra. Later, the folk dance was popularized in the West by Punjabi musicians. Today, Bhangra dance exists in many different forms and styles including in film sound tracks, pop music, cultural shows and collegiate competitions (Clint & Jasject, 2009). Bhangra music In late 1960s and early 1970, Bhangra music was popularized greatly in the United Kingdom by many Punjabi bands. Example of music bands existing in those times were The Jambo boys, The Black mist and the Saathies. It was their success that created a fan base and inspired more new artists. (David, 2011). These bands used to get a lot of support from both Indian Punjab and the Pakistani. This led to the creation of an alternative to Hindi film music and Ounjabi folk singers Punjabi. Some artists that are still alive today include Alaap band, Apna Sangeet, Heera Group, Chiraq Pehchan and the new pardesi music machine. After 1994, some bands dissolved due to the introduction of electronic Dj loop sampling and dhol drum (Clint & Jaskect, 2009). In the 1980s (Big Bhangra) Punjabi Immigrants invented Bhangra music in the 1980s afte r taking the folk sound from their home country and started experimenting on it by altering it by using instruments from other countries. The Bhangra music quickly gained popularity in Britain and by so, replacing the Punjabi folk singers (David, 2011). This was made possible by the music in cooperating aspects of rock sounds in their music. Since rock music was popular at that time in Britain, that incorporation really assisted it to get more fans. Bhangra music by in cooperating rock sounds signaled the development of a distinctively rebellious and self conscious Asian Youth culture .That time, young Asians in Britain associated themselves more with Bhangra music as it depicted the need to want to become free from expressing themselves (David, 2011). At that time, there was wide silent rebellion by the Asians in British and they expressed it through gestures, language, bodily signification, and many ways. Such times, there was racism and the Asian people never wanted to be discrim inated nor alienated, and so Punjabi music, gave them a sense of pride and identity in such hard times. In the 1980s, some Bhangra artists sold many record labels even some made their way to the Top 40 UK chart. These times, the melody was played out using a harmonium or a guitar and the composer received as much attention from the fans like the (David, 2011). It was during this time that the very first Bhangra boy band, Sahotas, composed of 5 brothers from the UK emerged. It was evident that their music was a mixture of Bhangra, dance and rock. The Golden Star UK was one of the biggest Bhangra stars of that era. Its lead singer, Malkit was mentored by Proffessor Inderjit Singh and improved his skills in Bhangra dancing and Punjabi folk singing while in College. In 1983, from his hit song,† Gurh Naloo ishq Mitha†, he won a gold medal and later in cooperated it in his album, Nach Gidhe Wich that was released in 1984.This album was a strong hit among South Asians (David, 2 011). Another group, Alaap, led by Channi Singh,

South Africa Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

South Africa - Assignment Example We would wish the learned people to make the largest group of our tourists as they will be able to understand things easier. During the winter season, we will expect more visitors and the lodging will be paid on daily bases where the size of room taken will determine the cost. Advertising will be the common method of promotion where the internet, television, and radios will be highly used. Guests are going to spend time in our community and experience the beautiful coastal environments as well as experiencing the traditional culture. They will have a bush walk, have a look at the traditional foods and visit a midden. In addition, they will be able to have a look at the art and craft shop, museum and gallery. A sorry ceremony will also be going on and if interested they can attend. Because we will be aiming at a wide coverage, there will be wide use of travel agents. For marketing assistance, we will depend on the industry marketing corporation where we will be granted the opportunity to use the tourist planning website. On day two the visit to Cape Town city was will be conducted by the white shark eco-tourism. On day three the visit to the cultural house will be conducted by the great white shark eco-tourism. On day 4 visits to the wine lands will be guided by Afri Visita tours Stellenbosch South Africa. On day 5 the visit to Lake Sibaya and Wet Land Park would be conducted by two staff of the wet land park. On day 6 the visit to the rural areas will be conducted by Thonga beach lodge.

Investments Essay -- Investing Finances Stock Markets Essays

Investments Nearly three quarters of all U.S. households invest in the stock market. And half of all U.S. households invest in mutual funds—the nation’s fastest growing type of investment. Some investors are saving for a comfortable retirement, other’s for a child’s education. Whatever their goals, shareholders benefit from broad diversification, professional investment management, and ready access to their money. If one decided investing was a sound way to secure their financial future, their next step is to build a balanced portfolio by selecting an investment company and/or suitable investment types. While it may seem daunting—and even overwhelming—there is always someone who stands ready to help an investor. EXPERIENCE Investment Principles In my experiences in dealing with many investment companies, I’ve seen and done many tasks in helping novice and advanced investors chart a course to their financial well being. I have over two years of investment experience with the second largest investment management company in the industry, The Vanguard Group. The company I work for is an old, conservative company with many long-standing values. For example, client-focused values, competitive investment offerings, low costs, diverse fund offerings, and responsive client service. The company was founded on those reasons and continues to prove their great reputation and established lower cost concepts. However, with the changing of the times, so should the company, but in Vanguard’s case its not happening for the benefit of our clients. Vanguard uses a canned financial plan for people we consider conservative, moderate, or aggressive investors. This works in some cases but the problem that I have is every person’s situation is different than the client before. I feel each client should have individual planning based on his or her specific situation. This is a very hard task for a company that has only three offices in the U.S (Valley Forge, PA, Charlotte, NC and Scottsdale, AZ). This benefits the clients because it does lower our costs dramatically, however, it makes things difficult for us to properly plan one’s retirement to the fullest investment potential possible, in other words, making their investments suitable for each client. Practices and Products with Emphasis on Problems of the Small Investor That brings up another problem I’ve had... ...on many exchanges around the world and are continuously traded throughout the day. Thirdly, investors can choose to invest in individual bonds or bond funds. Bonds invest in long-term debt, and they typically earn the largest part of their total returns from interest payments—but they can also generate capital gains or losses. And lastly, investor can invest in mutual funds. Mutual funds are many different companies common stock lumped and managed together making one fund investment. Mutual funds have been around for 70 years and have only grown in popularity in recent years. One can invest in many different types of mutual funds, for example, stock funds, bond funds, and balanced funds. With all that to swallow, one should entrust their money to a company that offers competitive investment performance, has a well-earned reputation for integrity and honestly, and provides investors with responsive and courteous service. If an investor isn’t comfortable managing their own money, they should then consider a professional advisor, because one’s money can’t make money if it’s not invested. Bibliography Morningstar. Real Expectations For Market Returns. 2000. www.morningstar.com.

Developing, Using Organising Resources Within the lifelong Learning Sector Essay

1. Understand the purpose and use of resources 1.1 Explain the purpose of resources in teaching and learning Different types of resources are used in lifelong learning process so that the knowledge of the learners can be practiced and their learning can be progressed. The learners’ level of understanding and the areas they find difficult can be assessed and identified by providing them with the resources. Moreover, the learners with learning difficulties can be provided with differentiated tasks and additional support by providing resources. The additional explanations that are not explained by me during the class can be provided to students in detail by giving them resources. Also, a vital role is played by the resources in avoiding bias and in increasing focus in the process of learning. The main advantage of utilizing resources in the learning process is that it will make the learners actively engaged in the learning activity as the tasks provided by the resources are planned interactively. Utilising the resources in the process of learning enables learners to develop their learni ng skills and achievements. Expertise knowledge of the tutors can also be developed as preparing materials for resources provide them training as well as the understanding of effective resource materials that can be used in teaching activity. 1.2 Review the effectiveness of specific resources in meeting individual learning needs in learning and teaching contexts Strengths and individual needs of all learners have to be identified by tutors as a part of their  responsibility and the needs of the learners have to be satisfied accordingly. Learners have to be motivated and encouraged by me so that they can reach their maximum potential in their learning activity and feel inclusive in the learning environment. The weaknesses of each learner have to be identified and I have to help them strengthen their weaknesses by working together with them and support them in their learning progression. Varieties of resources are used in my learning environment in order to make sure that the needs of the learners are met and satisfied. Resources such as interactive whiteboards, PowerPoint presentations, worksheets, textbooks and hand-outs are used in my learning environment so that each learner can get the benefits out of those resources. Using interactive whiteboards and its different features make my learners stay focused and engaged in their learning activity. It draws the attention of all the learners. Certain topics can be understood by reading various textbooks that are provided to my learners. The PowerPoint presentations again draw the attention of my learners and help them understand what they are going to learn in the class every day. The worksheets given to students are a way of assessing whether learners understood the topics and the teaching methods used by me are effective. The learners and peers are always encouraged to provide feedback on my teaching methods and resources so that the effectiveness of my methods and resources can be analysed and developed. Feedback forms are often provided to my learners so that they can express how useful did they find my teaching methods and resources provided. Regularly scheduled standardised meeting are attended in order to cope up with the standards as feedbacks will be provided in these meeting on the effectiveness of the resources I use by internal verifiers and my peers. External sources such as external examiners and verifiers also who come to assess the works of my learners also provide me with their feedbacks and comments which help me to improve my skills. 2. Be able to develop and use inclusive resources 2.1 Review sources which inform resource development A teacher has to also play the role of a resource developer. A resource developer can be referred to a person who is in charge of preparing and developing resources that can satisfy the needs of learners and help them achieve their full potential in their learning activity. The duties and roles that have to be carried out by a resource developer are explained by the figure above. Individual needs of every student have to be identified and plans have to be developed in order to satisfy the learning needs of all learners. The next step is to design the resources according to the individual needs that are identified and deliver those resources to the learners. Once the task in completed by the learners the resource developer then can assess their performance which will automatically enable the resource developed to identify the effectiveness of his resources. According to the information given by Turkish online journal of education technology (2009), two student groups are surveyed where one group of students provided with the lower level of teaching resources while second group of students are provided with the higher level of teaching resources. The surveys identified that the students who are provided with higher level of teaching resources have got muc h more positive outcome comparing to the other group of students. ‘We have found that when technologies are thoughtfully integrated with a sound pedagogical vision, students’ views of teaching and approaches to learning can be positively affected.’ The LeTUS report series (2003) also shows how important it is for the teachers to understand their educational capacities and utilise and organise educational resources in their teaching environment in order to develop an organised teaching environment. It recommends that the teachers should develop and plan resources that help learners to improve their knowledge and skills in various methods rather than developing a ‘one size fits all’ types of resources. Developing resources in such a way helps the teachers to enhance their utility and professional development which will then help them to create a deeper connection with their learners to make them feel inclusive in their learning environment. The advantages of providing personalised resources either via technology or textbooks are shown and proved by many research studies and articles where all of them stress the importance of providing learners with personalised resource documents in order to help them reach their maximum potential. Downloadable resources such as PowerPoint slides, eBooks, worksheets, Podcasts and word documents that can bring many benefits in the learning environment. All these resources have their own advantages and disadvantages. Online downloadable E-journals and article are available instantly and available for free most of the times. Knowledgeable and portable information are provided by the online journals and articles. However, the information provided in these resources will not be reliable if they are not updated regularly. Another resource that can be easily used and accessed is PowerPoint which is portable as well. But, as the information given are in a point based format and brief some students might find it difficult to understand. Especially learners with learning difficulties may not find it useful. E-books are another type of resources that are portable and useful as it is has a feature of audio speaker especially when it is accessed through Kindle. However, the limitations of E-books can be its limited battery life and expensive. There is a chance that the learners might get visual issues when it is used for a long period of time. Worksheets can be downloaded online so that the time spend in preparing new worksheets can be saved and it can be easily adapted. But by easily downloading worksheets online can make the tutors very lazy and the tutors will be demotivated. The worksheets available online might not suite the requirements of learners with learning difficulties. Another problem with downloading worksheets online, it can be time consuming if the tutor has got no proper searching skills in the internet. 2.2 Explain ways in which resources can be adapted to enable an inclusive approach It is important for me as a tutor to analyse and understand the strengths and weaknesses of  each learner and identify their learning needs in order to work together with them and help them overcome their learning difficulties and weaknesses. Learners have to be constantly motivated and encouraged by me in order to make them inclusive in the learning environment and enable them reach their full potential. There were many situations where the learning resources had to be adapted according to the learning needs and requirements of each learner in my class. The resources had to be adapted and differentiated for the learners with hearing impairments, visual impairments and dyslexic students according to their personal needs. The size of the fonts has to be changed to a bigger size, the colour of font can be changed to black and relevant pictures can be used in order to meet the needs of visually impaired students so they can easily follow the slideshows. In order to make my hearing impaired students inclusive in the learning environment the Podcasts can be downloaded for them so they will be able to understand the learning outcomes and lesson plans. Local care coordinators or specially trained and qualified staffs will be carried out some assessments according to the personal circumstances of these kind of students with hearing and visual difficulties (NHS and Community Care Act 1990). Learners with weak written skills will be provided with the voice recorder so their answers can be recorded verbally. A mentor can also be arranged for them to write their work. Specially trained and qualified staff members can also be arranged in order to help them with their learning activities. Another challenge that can be faced in my teaching environment is dyslexic students. First the level of their dyslexic has to be identified and then referred to qualified specialists in order to guide them properly. The resources and their contexts also have to be personalised and modified in order to suite their learning requirements. The resources have to be simple and easy so that they will be able to understand and achieve their learning achievements. 2.3 Design resources, including resources which involve new and emerging technologies, to engage and meet the individual needs of learners in own specialist area Please refer to attached Worksheet and PowerPoint Slides. 2.4 Justify the effectiveness of own design and use of resources to engage and meet the individual needs of learners in own specialist area In order to satisfy the learning needs of my visually impaired, auditoria and kinaesthetic learners, the personalised resources are prepared and designed. Slides are prepared and provided to my learners so that they will be able to effectively follow the lesson and attain their learning targets by the end of the session. Learners who have hearing difficulties and visual impairments can be benefited by the PowerPoint presentations I provide. Lessons can be delivered to the visually impaired learners effectively by the clear and big fronts used in the slides so a clear perspective of lessons can be provided to them. Objectives of the learning sessions can be elaborated and explained effectively by presenting them in PowerPoint slides which will be beneficial to the hearing impaired and audio learners as well. In order to encourage team working skills I provide my learners with pair and group activities which will encourage them to share their knowledge and skills with each other. Group activities also motivate and encourage learners to progress in their learning targets. Personalised and different worksheets are provided to my learners with different learning needs so that I can examine their knowledge and test the effectiveness of my teaching methods. I always keep my students occupied by providing them various activities and tasks. Knowledge and level of understanding of students can be tested and examined by the adapted worksheets provided at the class which will also help them apply what they have learned. 2.5 Employ resources to engage and meet the individual needs of learners in own specialist area Please see set (SOW, Lesson plan, Self-evaluation & assessment observation) and session feedback form 3 Understand how to organise and enable access to resources 3.1 Explain ways in which resources can be classified and stored Learning resources are available in many forms in different sources and formats. There are various ways such as scanning and photocopying available  to reproduce learning resources. According to the different learning requirements of each learner resources will be amended. After amending the resources, tutors can reproduce and save those in the format of PDF or save the audio files in the format of mp3. In order to store these resources carefully a hard drive with a proper password can be used so others will not be able to access it. Ownerships of resources can be owned, reproduced and stored by an individual in different ways which is mentioned clearly in the Copyright Law 1976. Data are stored in variety of formats by different programs. Certain formats of files can only be supported by only certain programs and applications. Usually formats of file can be appeared in 3 letter format such as jpg, pdf, psd, tif, gif, ppt and doc which illustrates the different formats of files. Fi les can be stored in Adobe illustrator in different formats as follows: .ai — Adobe Illustrator, its â€Å"native† format .ait — Adobe Illustrator Template .pdf — Adobe Portable Document Format Although there are variety of file formats available to store resources, PDF can be considered as the most suitable and appropriate file format. PDF refers to Portabe Document Format which can also be called as ‘Paperless Office’. Documents can be developed and transferred without printing each files. In order to create PDF file Adobe Acrobat Reader have to be downloaded which is available for free download in the internet. Both bitmap and vector graphics formats can be represented by PDF file. Any applications can be converted into PDF formats, but unless other users have Adobe Acrobat it is impossible to edit the file. Additional it provides the option to merge files with other formats of applications and it can easily be transferred to the printing machine. Another format that is commonly used is Vector-Graphics. Files can be easily created, saved, transferred, printed and archived in the native format of the illustrator which is .ai. It has to be converted into the f ormat of EPS or TIFF file in order to transfer it to a PostScript Printer or to be able to use in a page layout program. The format that is most appropriate to save images is JPEG which has got best compression ability. Blackboard and Moodle are well-known resources that are widely used in learning environments to redevelop access and upload learning materials. Moodle platforms have got many educational aspects which stress the importance of interactive learning and inclusive learning environment. It is a useful platform for learners to access learning materials that can help in achieving their learning goals. Friendly and supportive user groups are available in the Moodle platform which can help learners to get support in their learning activities lively. Moodle platform is available to view in three different ways which are weekly view, topic view and social view. Combinations of various file formats and scheduling is available in Moodle. Different features such as chat, assignment, dialogue, choice, journals, glossary, forums, workshop, wiki and lesson are available on Moodle for the access of learners. However, it has got some disadvantages as well. The privacy of these platforms is questionable and these are very transparent. Initiative is required in terms of gathering support and it is timely. 3.2 Identify ways of sharing resources with other learning professionals Teaching resources can be considered as crucial tool in the process in teaching and learning. Formation of resources can consume more time and money when trying to connect them and present them with the use of technology. But it is not possible to carry out a teaching process without the use of teaching resources and materials. The learning needs and requirements of all learners are observed and the resources will be prepared and utilised to the maximum in order to achieve the learning targets. In order to reduce the financial burden, the financial costs of all resources can be shared among various teaching institutions. It is very common to share teaching resources between educational organisations, teaching organisations, subject fields, publishers and libraries as it provides benefits to learners and tutors. Mostly teaching resources are shared between various institutions to utilise varieties of resources available. Resources can be shared among professionals using different tech niques such as LAN (Local Area Network), VLE (Virtual Learning Environment), File Sharing and Published Journals. LAN can also be referred as Intranet which is a well-known technique of sharing resources inside the organisations. In  order to share these resources via Intranet, it is not necessary to have internet within the area and it will always have access within the organisation. Computers and systems that are connected in the LAN network will be connected with the same hard drive so that the resources can be accessed easily even without internet. File Sharing is a similar method of sharing resources thus the teachers within the institution can get access to all learning resources regardless whether it is created online or not. As different varieties of resources are available in File Sharing and LAN everyone in the organisations can be benefited by using these platforms. The individuals with learning difficulties will find it very useful as varieties of personalised resources by different resource developers and available instantly. Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) also another technique used to share resources online. It is very easy and convenient to share resources using VLE because all the learning materials and resources will be uploaded in the online portal and learners will be given the access to it which enables them to access the resources anywhere and anytime they want. But it is necessary to have an internet connection to get access to VLE. Another effective technique of sharing resources is through Published Journals. Published resources can be found in many copies whether on a newspaper, blog, textbook or magazine. For some published journal resources only a controlled access is allowed by the publishers. Valuable resources are published and shared in a large amount of numbers where the protection of the sources has not been given the importance it requires. However, this can be considered as very a valuable and useful study aid. 4 Understand legal requirements and responsibilities relating to the development and use of resources 4.1 Summarise legal requirements and responsibilities relating to the development and use of resources Development and use of educational resources need to meet several legal requirements and responsibilities. The current copyright law available in UK is Copyright Act 1998 – The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The owners of the materials will be given the rights to decide in which ways their resources can be used and controlled by other users. Areas such as  public performance, broadcast, adapting, photocopying, renting copies to public and issuing are covered by this act. The owner will be given the right to call himself as Author. When a work is created by an individual and it can be considered as original and a degree of skills will be exhibited then the person will get the rights to acquire copyrights to his work. For example, the creator of a book cannot get the rights to protect the book itself, but the content of the book will be protected by the Copyrights. Another individual will be given the rights to get some idea of some particular book to create his own work, but the content of the book cannot be directly copied or adapted. However, if an individual creates a work as a part of his job, then the copyright cannot be acquired by him, thus the company or employer who hired will have the rights to hold the copyrights of that work. An individual still can have the copyrights for his work when it is created under a commissioned or freelance work, if there is no agreement exists between the individual and the company. Regarding any infringement the proceeding can only be brought by the owner of the work or his exclusive license. Intangible assets such as literary can be obtained with certain rights using Intellectual Property Act. The areas such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, some trade secrets and industrial design rights are included in the Intellectual Property Rights which can be used by individuals and companies in order to protect their work. Majority of the countries put this law in commonplace in the late 20th century although the principles of Intellectual Property Act have been in existence over hundreds of years. Rights of processing the data on public will be determined by the Data Protection Act 1998 which is created by the UK Act of Parliament who makes most of the law in the country. Although the term privacy is not mentioned in the Act, it determines the privacy every individual has to be given with respect to processing the personal data. In simple words, an individual can have the rights to decide to which extent his personal data can be used and processed. Thus, individuals and companies have to comply with this law and keep the personal information confidential when required. Disabled people are protected by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 against discrimination against them related to employment, provision and disposal of good and services and management of premises. This act will decide provision about disables people’s employment and it will also help to  form a National Disability Council. All the above regulations have to be followed when creating and publishing the resources for educational purposes. Regardless of the learning difficulties faced by learners, the resources have to be created in a fair manner. 4.2 Review the implications of intellectual property rights and copyright for the development and use of resources It is both teachers’ and learners’ responsibility to enforce Copyrights Act 1998 and Intellectual Property Rights in the learning and teaching environment. The original authors of each resource have to be mentioned and cited in my work when using information from research materials, books, e-books, articles and journals in order to support my thoughts. The source of the information has to be mentioned briefly in my work and my learners’ work so other users will be able to refer that information when needed. The companies and organisations also have to comply with these laws. Some educational institutions will have the copyrights on their materials and work where their employees created the work and they must comply with existing law. If someone else’s work is claimed as an individual’s own work that will be called as Plagiarism and this is totally not accepted. Various books, journals, e-books and articles are used when creating resources for my tea ching. I always make sure that I have mentioned proper in-text and full referencing for the resources I used in my work. I always stress my learners on the importance of mentioning originality of the resource by citing proper referencing. My own work will be indicated with my name and my organisation’s name when needed in order to show that this resource is created by me or on behalf of my company. The original source of the information must be mentioned even though there are some adaptions made in relation to the learning needs of my students. Furthermore, it is not accepted to share the work with others when it is prohibited. When reading through materials and article to use them in my work it is important to make sure that it is acceptable to use them in my work as some books and resources do not give the permission to use them in others’ work. The permission from the owner of the work has to be obtained before using their resources. 5 Understand how to evaluate own practice in relation to  development and use of resources 5.1 Review the effectiveness of own practice in relation to development and use of resources In my teaching and learning environment resources are considered as valuable tool. Learners can be kept engaged in various class tasks and activities and they can have a clear progression in their learning with the use of appropriate resources. The resources such as worksheets, PowerPoint slides and Interactive whiteboards and used in my teaching environment. I use PowerPoint slide to give my students a view of the lesson objectives and what is going to be taught in class. The slides will be in simple and brief format. Font sizes of my slides are usually kept between 14 to 16. My learners and I find this resource very effective as it is pretty straight forward and convenient. It can be considered as an effective technique of guiding the lesson and explaining the lesson objectives. The knowledge and understanding of my learners can be examined and tested using the worksheets provided at the end of the session. The effectiveness of my teaching methods and techniques also can be assesse d using the worksheets and changes can be made to the way I teach if needed. Most of the students complete the worksheets I provide which indicates that they understand what they are being taught in my class and achieve their learning goals. 5.2 Identify own strengths and areas for improvement in relation to development and use of resources 5.3 Plan opportunities to improve own skills in development and use of resources Action Plan: development of resources (5.2 and 5.3) Strengths Areas to improve: Resources Objectives Methods used to improve By when My learners are always kept engaged by giving them varieties of challenging  activities and tasks Worksheets: For the different level of students in my class room two variety of worksheets have to be prepared for both higher ability learners and lower ability learners Develop the ability to create two varieties of worksheets for higher level of ability students and lower level of ability students. More worksheets can be obtained online and permission can be obtained from owners to adapt those materials in my class which will enable me to differentiate tasks depends on the learners’ needs 10st April 2014 At least one learner task will be included in my teaching session using the interactive white board resource Interactive whiteboard: Group activities have to be planned that can be practiced using the interactive whiteboards rather than providing activities based on whiteboards. To provide the opportunity to work with team so they can interact to share ideas for their own presentations and assignments. Online research can be done on effective ways of using interactive whiteboards to engage my learners in the learning activity and training can also be attended. 30th April 2014 My learners will be always guided properly with the learning outcomes, objectives and summary of the lesson PowerPoint: Lesson objectives have to be broken down to the different tasks that are going to be provided in the class Develop the ability to create tasks effectively for both individual and group activities so they will be aware of what they are learning More time can be spent in creating more slides in my PowerPoint presentations to make sure that all the learning outcomes and objectives are explained to my students 30 March 2014 BIBLIOGRAPHY Reece, I. and S. Walker (2007). Teaching , Training and Learning: A practical guide, Business Education Publishers, Limited Gravells A (2012) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector London Learning Matters Gravells A & Simpson S (2012) Equality and Diversity in the Lifelong Learning Sector London Learning Matters A Contextual Guide to Support Success in LLN Provision: Embedded Learning. DfES (QIA 2008) Websites http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/introduction http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ21.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ875780.pdf http://www.inquirium.net/people/matt/teaching_as_design-Final.pdf http://laeremiddel.dk/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Quality_principles